Managers must decide when to make decisions themselves and when they should involve a group. This activity is important because, as a manager, this decision will require you to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of using group decision making. The goal of this exercise is to challenge your ability to categorize the advantages and disadvantages of group decision making. Read each statement and determine if it is an advantage or a disadvantage of group decision making.

a. There is a greater pool of knowledge to draw from.
b. Decisions may be made quicker using satisficing.
c. A small group of people may talk the longest and the loudest.
d. People bring different perspectives.
e. A group may bring greater intellectual stimulation.

John and daphne are saving for their daughter ellen's college education. ellen just turned 10 at (t = 0), and she will be entering college 8 years from now (at t = 8). college tuition and expenses at state u. are currently $14,500 a year, but they are expected to increase at a rate of 3.5% a year. ellen should graduate in 4 years--if she takes longer or wants to go to graduate school, she will be on her own. tuition and other costs will be due at the beginning of each school year (at t = 8, 9, 10, and 11).so far, john and daphne have accumulated $15,000 in their college savings account (at t = 0). their long-run financial plan is to add an additional $5,000 in each of the next 4 years (at t = 1, 2, 3, and 4). then they plan to make 3 equal annual contributions in each of the following years, t = 5, 6, and 7. they expect their investment account to earn 9%. how large must the annual payments at t = 5, 6, and 7 be to cover ellen's anticipated college costs? a. $1,965.21b. $2,068.64c. $2,177.51d. $2,292.12e. $2,412.76