In recent years, the world demand curve for copper shifted rightward due to continued economic growth in China and other emerging economies. Also, the costs of extracting the copper increased due to higher energy prices. As a result, we observed:

With this combination of events, we can expect to observe higher equilibrium copper prices.

Explanation:

The reasons is that there are two economic forces pushing the market-clearing price upwards: the economic growth in China shifting the demand curve rightwards, and the higher production costs raising the supply curve.

Because of the higher production costs, firms will have to raise the selling price of copper, and at the same time, the higher demand from China will prevent any fall in demand due to the higher prices, actually driving the price even higher.

the correct answer would be b, when, queen, calder hall and london.

explanation:

we always capitalize words when a paragraph or sentence is starting, when an important name is used, when a place is being written, or simply when a noun is used, etc. so in this sentence, sentence is starting from 'when', so it will be written in capital letters. secondly, queen is considered to be an important person, so it will also be written in capital letter. next, the name of the town is mentioned, i-e calder hall, which will also be written in capital letters. in the last,   city name is being used, 'london', which will also be written in capital letters. so option b is the most appropriate one.