Ambiguity can arise as to whether receivables have been sold or instead are being used as collateral for a loan whenever certain obligations, duties, or rights regarding the transferred receivables are retained by the transferor. In distinguishing between sales and collateralized borrowings using receivables, the critical issue: a. is whether the transferor surrenders control over the receivables.
b. comes down to how clearly the rights, etc. being retained are specified in the transfer agreement.
c. is whether any gain or loss related to the transfer is recognized in earnings.
d. is whether the terms regarding the transfer were initiated by the transferor or transferee.

is whether the transferor surrenders control over the receivables

Explanation:

In Sales of Receivables and Collateralized Borrowing,.companies do not want to wait for payments to arrive as they simply quickens cash collection with help of bank or financing company and also factoring and collateralized borrowings are various means to speed up cash collections. In Collateralized borrowing, receivables are simply collateral. Company gets cash from bank and is saddle with the responsibility for repaying loan.

Issues regarding collateralized borrowing are the sales of receivables had the purchaser is called a factor, borrowing using receivables as collateral and accounts receivable is not wipe off from seller's books.

c

explanation: