You are considering a stock investment in one of two firms (LotsofDebt, Inc. and LotsofEquity, Inc.), both of which operate in the same industry. LotsofDebt, Inc. finances its $32.50 million in assets with $30.25 million in debt and $2.25 million in equity. LotsofEquity, Inc. finances its $32.50 million in assets with $2.25 million in debt and $30.25 million in equity. Required:
a. Calculate the debt ratio.
b. Calculate the equity multiplier.
c. Calculate the debt-to-equity.

Alandowner and his neighbor purchased adjoining undeveloped lots. after both built homes on their respective lots, the landowner suggested to the neighbor that a common driveway be built where the two lots joined. the neighbor agreed. the landowner and the neighbor split the cost of constructing the driveway and entered into a written agreement to equally share the costs of its upkeep and maintenance. the agreement was recorded in the county recorder's office. two years later, the neighbor built a new driveway located entirely on his lot. the common driveway, which the landowner continued to use but which the neighbor no longer used, began to deteriorate. the landowner asked the neighbor for money to maintain the common driveway, but the neighbor refused to contribute. three years later, the neighbor conveyed his lot to a friend. the friend entered into possession and used only the driveway built by the neighbor. by this time, the common driveway had deteriorated badly and contained numerous potholes. the landowner asked the friend to pay half of what it would take to repair the common driveway. the friend refused. the landowner repaired the driveway and sued the friend for 50% of the cost of repairs. will the landowner prevail?

Acountry made education free in mandatory up to age 15. it is established 100 new schools to educate kids across the country. as a result, citizens acquired the _ required to work. the school's generated _ for teachers and other staff. in 20 years, to countryside rapid _ and its gdp.

Quick computing currently sells 12 million computer chips each year at a price of $19 per chip. it is about to introduce a new chip, and it forecasts annual sales of 22 million of these improved chips at a price of $24 each. however, demand for the old chip will decrease, and sales of the old chip are expected to fall to 6 million per year. the old chips cost $10 each to manufacture, and the new ones will cost $14 each. what is the proper cash flow to use to evaluate the present value of the introduction of the new chip? (enter your answer in millions.)