Jack's Construction Co. has 80 bonds outstanding that are selling at their par value of $1,000 each. Bonds with similar characteristics are yielding a pretax 8.6 percent return. The firm also has 4,000 shares of common stock outstanding. The stock has a beta of 1.1 and sells for $40 a share. The U. S. T-bill is yielding 4 percent, the market risk premium is 8 percent, and the firm's tax rate is 21 percent. Assuming its earnings are sufficient to classify all interest as tax deductible, What is the pre-tax cost of debt

You own a nonunion company with 93 nonexempt employees. all of these employ- ees pack books into boxes for shipment to customers throughout the united states. because of wide differences in performance, you have decided to try performance appraisal, something never done before. until now, you have given every worker the same size increase. now you want to measure performance and reward the best performers with bigger increases. without any further information, which of the five types of appraisal formats do you think would be most appropriate? justify your answer. do you anticipate any complaints, or other comments, from employees after you implement your new system?