2. Characteristics of bonds To be effective issuing and investing in bonds, knowledge of their terminology, characteristics, and features is essential. For example: • A bond’s is generally $1,000 and represents the amount borrowed from the bond’s first purchaser. • A bond issuer is said to be in if it does not pay the interest or the principal in accordance with the terms of the indenture agreement or if it violates one or more of the issue’s restrictive covenants. • A bond contract feature that requires the issuer to retire a specified portion of the bond issue each year is called a . • A bond’s allows a bondholder or preferred stockholder to convert their bond or preferred share, respectively, into a specified number or value of common shares. Suppose you read an article about the Golden Gate Bridge and Highway District bonds. It includes the following information:removede6ed9c1352d10e5c 4edb18fe903c314d94c1b852fcbf0327236 e4044f5cf03f5removed What is the maturity date of this bond

Larissa has also provided the following information. during the year, the company raised $36 million in new long-term debt and retired $20.52 million in long-term debt. the company also sold $22 million in new stock and repurchased $32.4 million. the company purchased $54 million in fixed assets, and sold $6,107,400 in fixed assets. larissa has asked dan to prepare the financial statement of cash flows and the accounting statement of cash flows. she has also asked you to answer the following questions: 1. how would you describe east coast yachts' cash flows? 2. which cash flows statement more accurately describes the cash flows at the company? 3. in light of your previous answers, comment on larissa's expansion plans.

The cost of capital: introduction the cost of capital: introduction companies issue bonds, preferred stock, and common equity to aise capital to invest in capital budgeting projects. capital is』necessary factor of production and like any other factor, it has a cost. this cost is equal to the select the applicable security. the rates of return that investors require on bonds, preferred stocks, and common equity represent the costs of those securities to the firm. companies estimate the required returns on their securities, calculate a weighted average of the costs of their different types of capital, and use this average cost for capital budgeting purposes. required return on rate: when calculating om operations when the firm's primary financial objective is to select shareholder value. to do this, companies invest in projects that earnselect their cost of capital. so, the cost of capital is often referred to as the -select -select and accruals, which a se spontaneously we hted average cost of capital wa c our concern is with capital that must be provided by select- 쑤 interest-bearing debt preferred stock and common equity. capital budgeting projects are undertaken, are not included as part of total invested capital because they do not come directly from investors. which of the following would be included in the caculation of total invested capital? choose the response that is most correct a. notes payable b. taxes payable c retained earnings d. responses a and c would be included in the calculation of total invested capital. e. none of the above would be included in the cakulation of total invested capital.

Richardson hired j.c. flood company, a plumbing contractor, to correct a stoppage in the sewer line of her house. the plumbing company's 'snake' device, used to clear the line leading to the main sewer, became caught in the underground line. to release it, the company excavated a portion of the sewer line in richardson's backyard. in the process, the company discovered numerous leaks in a rusty, defective water pipe that ran parallel with the sewer line. to meet public regulations, the water pipe, of a type no longer approved for such service, had to be replaced either then or later, when the yard would have to be excavated again. the plumbing company proceeded to repair the water pipe. though richardson inspected the company's work daily and did not express any objection to the extra work involved in replacing the water pipe, she refused to pay any part of the total bill after the company completed the entire operation. j.c. flood company then sued richardson for the costs of labor and material it had furnished. (c) for what, if anything, should richardson be liable? explain."