10. Crowding out effect Suppose economists observe that an increase in government spending of $13 billion raises the total demand for goods and services by $52 billion. If these economists ignore the possibility of crowding out, they would estimate the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) to be . Now suppose the economists allow for crowding out. Their new estimate of the MPC would be than their initial one.

Explanation:

Effect of crowding out:

The crowding out phenomena describes the economic phenomena in which an increase in government public spending leads to reduced or perhaps may eliminate of private investment.

Multiplier:

The multiplier represents the ratio of income to investment change.

Given that:

$13 billion increase in government spending will lead to a $52 billion

The rise in demand for goods & service will be the value of multiplier which is

= 52/13

= 4

To determine the multiplier using the formula:

Multiplier = 1 /( 1- MPC)

4 = 1/(1 - MPC)

4 (1 - MPC) = 1

(1- MPC) = 1/4

-MPC = 0.25 - 1

MPC = 0.75

Marginal propensity to consume = 0.75

answer; i believe that the correct answer is ( owners investment)

answer: most likely c

explanation: