Dawson Toys, Ltd., produces a toy called the Maze. The company has recently created a standard cost system to help control costs and has established the following standards for the Maze toy: Direct materials: 7 microns per toy at $0.32 per micron Direct labor: 1.2 hours per toy at $7.20 per hour During July, the company produced 4,600 Maze toys. The toy's production data for the month are as follows: Direct materials: 80,000 microns were purchased at a cost of $0.30 per micron. 39,750 of these microns were still in inventory at the end of the month. Direct labor: 5,920 direct labor-hours were worked at a cost of $46,768. Required:
1. Compute the following variances for July:
a. The materials price and quantity variances
Material price variance
Material quantity variance

b. The labor rate and efficiency variances.
Labor rate variance
Labor efficiency variance

Results are below.

Explanation:

To calculate the direct material rate and quantity variance, we need to use the following formula:

Direct material price variance= (standard price - actual price)*actual quantity

Direct material price variance= (0.32 - 0.3)*80,000

Direct material price variance= $1,600 favorable

Direct material quantity variance= (standard quantity - actual quantity)*standard price

Direct material quantity variance= (7*4,600 - 40,250)*0.32

Direct material quantity variance= $2,576 unfavorable

To calculate the direct labor efficiency and rate variances, we need to use the following formulas:

Direct labor time (efficiency) variance= (Standard Quantity - Actual Quantity)*standard rate

Direct labor time (efficiency) variance= (1.2*4,600 - 5,920)*7.2

Direct labor time (efficiency) variance= $2,880 unfavorable

Direct labor rate variance= (Standard Rate - Actual Rate)*Actual Quantity

Direct labor rate variance= (7.2 - 7.9)*5,920

Direct labor rate variance= $4,144 unfavorable

Actual rate= 46,768/5,920= $7.9

ans.

heterothermic organisms include those organisms that can switch between homeothermic (having body temperature higher than environment) and poikilothermic (having variation in internal body temperature) strategies.

some migratory birds show heterothermy as they decrease their metabolic rate during cold nights to keep their body temperature low. drop in metabolic rate allows increase in production efficiency of birds that reduces the internal body temperature to make it equal to external cold temperature during cold nights.

thus, the correct answer is 'birds allow their temperature drop in order to increase their production efficiency.'