To compare the value of amounts received at different times in the future, dollar amounts must be restated to their future value by adding the compound interest to date. may be restated to their present value through discounting or restated to their future value by compounding. must be restated to their present value by removing the interest from the amount to be received in the future. must be converted to a single sum.

You are the new chief information officer for the video-game developer, necturus games. the company has recently undergone a major expansion of its primary product, and you must staff up the is department and determine the best way to develop new game "capsules" for the game, "escape velocity."

Annuity payments are assumed to come at the end of each payment period (termed an ordinary annuity). however, an exception occurs when the annuity payments come at the beginning of each period (termed an annuity due). what is the future value of a 13-year annuity of $2,800 per period where payments come at the beginning of each period? the interest rate is 9 percent. use appendix c for an approximate answer, but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods. to find the future value of an annuity due when using the appendix tables, add 1 to n and subtract 1 from the tabular value. for example, to find the future value of a $100 payment at the beginning of each period for five periods at 10 percent, go to appendix c for n = 6 and i = 10 percent. look up the value of 7.716 and subtract 1 from it for an answer of 6.716 or $671.60 ($100 × 6.716)

Melissa is a very generous single woman. before this year, she had given over $11,400,000 in taxable gifts over the years and has completely exhausted her applicable credit amount. in the current year, melissa gave her daughter riley $100,000 and promptly filed her gift tax return. melissa did not make any other gifts this year. how much gift tax must riley pay the irs because of this transaction?