Klinken Corporation’s contribution margin ratio on the sale of its most popular product is 42%. The product is priced at $100, annual fixed expenses are $900,000. Management is evaluating two options: (1) lowering variable costs by 15% and (2) reducing fixed expenses by 15%.

If a firm plans to issue new stock, flotation costs (investment bankers' fees) should not be ignored. there are two approaches to use to account for flotation costs. the first approach is to add the sum of flotation costs for the debt, preferred, and common stock and add them to the initial investment cost. because the investment cost is increased, the project's expected return is reduced so it may not meet the firm's hurdle rate for acceptance of the project. the second approach involves adjusting the cost of common equity as follows: . the difference between the flotation-adjusted cost of equity and the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment represents the flotation cost adjustment. quantitative problem: barton industries expects next year's annual dividend, d1, to be $1.90 and it expects dividends to grow at a constant rate g = 4.3%. the firm's current common stock price, p0, is $22.00. if it needs to issue new common stock, the firm will encounter a 6% flotation cost, f. assume that the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment is 12% and the cost of old common equity is 11.5%. what is the flotation cost adjustment that must be added to its cost of retaine

By 2020, automobile market analysts expect that the demand for electric autos will increase as buyers become more familiar with the technology. however, the costs of producing electric autos may increase because of higher costs for inputs (e.g., rare earth elements), or they may decrease as the manufacturers learn better assembly methods (i.e., learning by doing). what is the expected impact of these changes on the equilibrium price and quantity for electric autos?

Quick computing currently sells 12 million computer chips each year at a price of $19 per chip. it is about to introduce a new chip, and it forecasts annual sales of 22 million of these improved chips at a price of $24 each. however, demand for the old chip will decrease, and sales of the old chip are expected to fall to 6 million per year. the old chips cost $10 each to manufacture, and the new ones will cost $14 each. what is the proper cash flow to use to evaluate the present value of the introduction of the new chip? (enter your answer in millions.)