A company is considering the purchase of new equipment for $45,000. The projected annual net cash flows are $19,000.

The machine has a useful life of 3 years and no salvage value.

Management of the company requires a 12% return on investment.

The present value of an annuity of 1 for various periods follows:

Period PV of an annuity of 1 at 12%
1 0.8929
2 1.6901
3 2.4018
What is the net present value of this machine, assuming all cash flows occur at year-end?

a) $(1,768).
b) $3,000.
c) $634.
d) $19,000.
e) $45,634.