Consumer surplus exists because of the A. surplus of money that wealthy consumers hold.

B. surplus in marginal product that firms get when they hire an additional worker.

C. willingness of some consumers to pay a price higher than the market price for some units of a good.

D. additional utility that households obtain when the prices of substitutes fall.

E. increase in the availability of goods when income rises.

Specialization—the division of labor—enhances productivity and efficiency by a) allowing workers to take advantage of existing differences in their abilities and skills. b) avoiding the time loss involved in shifting from one production task to another. c) allowing workers to develop skills by working on one, or a limited number, of tasks. d)all of the means identified in the other answers.

Which of the following would create the most money? the initial deposit is $6,500 and the required reserve ratio is 20 percent. the initial deposit is $3,000 and the required reserve ratio is 10 percent. the initial deposit is $7,500 and the required reserve ratio is 25 percent. the initial deposit is $4,500 and the required reserve ratio is 15 percent.

David consumes two things: gasoline (g) and bread (b). david's utility function is u(g, b) = 10g^0.25 b^0.75. use the lagrange technique to solve for david's optimal choices of gasoline and bread as a function of the price of gasoline, p_g, the price of bread, p_b, and his income m. with recent decrease in the price of gasoline (maybe due to external shock such as shale gas production) does david increase his consumption of gasoline? for david, how does partial differential g/partial differential p_g depend on his income m? that is, how does david's change in gasoline consumption due to an increase in the price of gasoline depend on his income level? to answer these questions, find the cross-partial derivative, |partial differential^2 g/partial differential m partial differential p_g.