A. the government often uses excise taxes, called "sin taxes," to manipulate consumption of cigarettes. draw and label the shift from a tax. identify the new price consumers pay, the price producers receive, the amount of tax revenue consumers pay, and the amount of tax revenue producers pay. lastly, explain why it is unlikely that this tax will significantly reduce cigarette consumption.

The amount of sin tax that will be paid by all of the mentioned parties will depend per country. In fact, in the US, sin tax may even differ per state so the price of consumers and producers will already factor in the percentage of sin tax that they will pay. As to why it will most likely not reduce the consumption, this is because these vices are generally addictive and already serve as habits for some people. Because of this, people will most likely not decrease their consumption significantly since they continuously look for it. In fact, they will be willing to pay more to get it. 

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