Aperson who shoplifts an item of clothing from a department store is apprehended and labeled as a "thief," and the person subsequently accepts that label, then the person shoplifts more items from stores on numerous occasions. this is an example of:

The correct answer is secondary deviance. It is because an individual at this stage of deviance is likely to act in a way of accepting that he or she is a deviant after having to be labeled as one in which could be seen in the scenario above.

being born in poverty would limit the people's chances, opportunities and benefits.

this happen because of several things, such as:

- poor people tend to gain less access to good education and nutrition. this mean that their chance to obtain high paying jobs would also be limited.

- poor people tend to socialize with other poor people while the rich tend to socialize with other rich people. this means that simply throguh their social circle, rich people would have more business opportunities compared to the poor people.

- rich people tend to have more capital in their disposal. this would benefit them in business since it is far easier for them to fund their business operation compared to poor people.