Which best explains why civil engineers who work for a major city in california care about a budget debate at the state level? a) they are employed by a local government that receives its funding to pay employees from the state. b) they are employed by a private company that receives its funding through government contracts. c) they are self-employed, and the politicians are considering income tax changes that would affect their salaries. d) they are self-employed as consultants for a nonprofit that applies for funding through government grant programs.

Explain whether each of the following events increases, decreases, or has no effect on the unemployment rate and the labor-force participation rate.a. after a long search, jon finds a job.b. tyrion, a full-time college student, graduates and is immediately employed.c. after an unsuccessful job search, arya gives up looking and retires.d. daenerys quits her job to become a stay-at-home mom.e. sansa has a birthday, becomes an adult, but has no interest in working.f. jaime has a birthday, becomes an adult, and starts looking for a job.g. cersei dies while enjoying retirement.h. jorah dies working long hours at the office.