One disadvantage of test marketing a new product is that a. the product is distributed on a regional basis. b. price, advertising, and packaging cannot be varied from market to market. c. competitors may copy the product. d. the results give little indication of the product's future success. e. it might fail before it can be commercialized.

Asupermarket has been experiencing long lines during peak periods of the day. the problem is noticeably worse on certain days of the week, and the peak periods are sometimes different according to the day of the week. there are usually enough workers on the job to open all cash registers. the problem is knowing when to call some of the workers stocking shelves up to the front to work the checkout counters. how might decision models the supermarket? what data would be needed to develop these models?