Stephanie is the editor in charge of advertising for the yearbook and newspaper. she thinks that her position is the most important because without the ads the newspaper and yearbook cannot go to print. she sets firm deadlines for the staff members and strict ad sales quotas. if they do not sell enough ads by the deadline, they are kicked off the staff.

What is the eventual effect on real gdp if the government increases its purchases of goods and services by $80,000? assume the marginal propensity to consume (mpc) is 0.75. $ what is the eventual effect on real gdp if the government, instead of changing its spending, increases transfers by $80,000? assume the mpc has not changed. $ an increase in government transfers or taxes, as opposed to an increase in government purchases of goods and services, will result in an identical eventual effect on real gdp. a smaller eventual effect on real gdp. a larger eventual effect on real gdp. no change to real gdp.

Every 10 years, the federal government sponsors a national survey of health and health practices (nhanes). one question in the survey asks participants to rate their overall health using a 5-point rating scale. what is the scale of measurement used for this question? ratio ordinal interval nominal

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.