Will a shift in demand have more impact on gdp in the short-run or the long-run

Long run.

There is something called the multiplier effect. It is when there are injections, the overall change in national income would be proportionately greater.

Aggregate demand is made up of 4 components:

1 Consumption
2 Investment
3 Government Spending
4 Net Exports

Three of which are injections. (2,3 and 4)

As there are injections, in the future, it is likely that multiplier effect would increase the national output even more.

So, in the long term, as multiplier effect takes its effect ( look on tutor2u to see examples ), the nominal GDP increases further.

The answer should be a.

The federal reserve took an expansionary approach during the crisis. this was done by expanding the money supply and boosting liquidity. this can be seen in the fed's actions of lending to banks, purchasing securities, and lowering the federal funds rate in order to lower overall interest rates. the fed's goal was to increase consumer spending and overall liquidity within the system, and they pursued this by expanding the supply of liquid money.