Chemistry, 20.07.2019 10:00 ricosuave42pf0gdn

An ordinary nickel contains about 10 24 electrons, all repelling one another. why don't these electrons fly off the nickel?

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An ordinary nickel contains about 10²⁴ electrons, all repelling one another.why don't these electrons fly off the nickel?

You must know that to analyze the behaviour of the electrons in an atom, you must think in terms of quantum theory, not just electrostatic force.

Electrostatic considerations also is handled because the protons in the nucleus of an atoms have postive charge and they attract the electrons keeping the neutrality of the atom (same number of positive and negative charges in each atom).

Nevertheless, the "position" of the electrons in the atom is explained by the quantum theory in terms of levels of energy.

The electrons occupy orbitals (regions around the nucleus of the atom) following three rules:

1) The electrons will occupy the lower energetic level available. In principle they have these order (from lower energy to greater energy): 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p, with some variatons and exceptions.

2) Pauli's exclusion principle

At most two electrons may occupy one same atom orbital.

3) Hund's rule

Electrons with the same spin will occupy first all the orbitals with the same energy level. And this is precisely related with the repulsion force that two netatively charged particles exert on each other.

Answer from: Quest

the electronic configuration of an atom with eight electrons is 1s²2s²2p⁴. the orbital diagrams are shown in the figure.

as per the hunds rule:

1. electrons tend to avoid being in the same orbital as per as practicable.

2. electrons in different orbitals of the same energy will have their spin parallel.

this can be illustrated from the multiplicity of the orbitals of the atom. as there are four electrons in the p orbital and p orbital has 3 sub-shells. the electrons can be fed in different ways as shown in the figure but the correct orbital diagram will be as per the hunds rule.

Answer from: Quest

Aphysical change is one that you can put in and remove like a ham sandwich. the stuff you put in there can be changem its not permanet. a chemical change is on that can't be change thats permanet. like when you make a cake and bake it. you can't get those ingredients back.

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An ordinary nickel contains about 10 24 electrons, all repelling one another. why don't these electr...

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