How is the limiting reactant determined in the experiment?

Answer is: the limiting reactant determines the amount of product formed.
For example:
Chemical reaction: 2AgNO₃(aq) + K₂CrO₄(aq) → Ag₂CrO₄(s) + 2KNO₃(aq).
c(AgNO₃) = 0.220 M.
V(AgNO₃) = 0.0351 L.
c(K₂CrO₄) = 0.420 M.
V(K₂CrO₄) = 0.052 L.
n(AgNO₃) = c(AgNO₃) · V(AgNO₃).
n(AgNO₃) = 0.220 M · 0.0351 L.
n(AgNO₃) = 0.0078 mol; limiting reactant.
n(K₂CrO₄) = 0.420 M · 0.052 L.
n(K₂CrO₄) = 0.022 mol.
From chemical reaction: n(AgNO₃) : n(Ag₂CrO₄) = 2 : 1.
n(Ag₂CrO₄) = 0.0078 mol ÷ 2.
n(Ag₂CrO₄) = 0.0039 mol.
m(Ag₂CrO₄) = 0.0039 mol · 331.73 g/mol.
m(Ag₂CrO₄) = 1.29 g.