Write the mechanism of the reaction of methyl benzoate to form methyl 2-nitrobenzoate.

See the attached picture.

Explanation:

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Nitration of alkyl benzenes is carried out adding both nitric and sulfuric acid to the organic reactant in order to promote the inclusion of the nitro group into the ring. Nonetheless, due to the steric hindrance such inclusion is not at the second carbon but at the third one. The addition of nitric acid promotes the attaching of the nitro group and the sulfuric acid shifts the equilibrium towards the nitration is it ionizes the nitric acid to nitronium ion NO₂⁺. The mechanism is shown on the attached picture.

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answer: c. the experiment shows that the red substance experienced a chemical change.

explanation: chemical change is the change in which chemical composition of the substance changes. physical change is the change in which there is no change in chemical composition.

chemical changes are accompanied by following changes:

a) precipitate formation

b) energy is released or absorbed

c) formation of bubbles

d) change in color

as it is given that the red color has disappeared and there is production of gas, it means the red substance has undergone a chemical change.

e

the answer for sodium is 0.186

the answer for rubidium is 0.251