85 points asap

1. how many molecules are in 7.5 grams of oxygen gas?

2. 2hgo(s) --> 2hg(l) + o2 (g)
in a certain reaction 4.37 of hgo is decomposed, producing 2.5 of hg
what is the percent yield for the reaction?

3. 4 fe(s) + 3o2(g) --> 2fe2o3(g)
in a certain reaction, 27.3 g of iron is reacted with 79.9 g of oxygen
how many grams of the excess reactant remain after the reaction is complete?

4. how many moles are in 10.25 grams of nh3?

5. what is the empirical formula mass (efm) of p2o5?

6. how many molecules are in 1.84 moles of water?

7. 4 fe(s) + 3o2(g) --> 2fe2o3(g)
in certain reaction, 27.3 g of iron is reacted with 45.8 g of oxygen.
what is the limiting reactant?

8. how many moles are in 2.62 x 1023 molecules of c6h14?

9. fe2o3(s)+3co(g)⟶2fe(s)+3co2(g)
how many moles of co are required to completely react with 1.225 moles of fe2o3?

10. how many moles are there in 1.3 x 1024 atoms of barium?

11. how many carbon atoms are present in 0.52 moles of c2h6o?

12. a compound has a chemical composition of 51% carbon, 9.3% hydrogen, and 39.2% oxygen. what is the empirical formula?

1. Answer is: there are 1.41·10²³ molecules of oxygen.
1) calculate amount of substance for oxygen gas:
m(O₂) = 7.5 g; mass of oxygen.
n(O₂) = m(O₂) ÷ M(O₂).
n(O₂) = 7.5 g ÷ 32 g/mol.
n(O₂) = 0.234 mol.
2) calculate number of molecules:
N(O₂) = n(O₂) · Na.
N(O₂) = 0.234 mol · 6.022·10²³ 1/mol.
N(O₂) = 1.41·10²³.
Na - Avogadro constant.

2. Answer is: the percent yield for the reaction is 61.77%.
Balanced chemical reaction: 2HgO(s) → 2Hg(l) + O₂(g).
m(HgO) = 4.37 g.
n(HgO) = n(HgO) ÷ M(HgO).
n(HgO) = 4.37 g ÷ 216.6 g/mol.
n(HgO) = 0.02 mol.
From chemical reaction: n(HgO) : n(Hg) = 2 : 2 (1 :1).
n(Hg) = n(HgO) = 0.02 mol; amount of substance.
m(Hg) = n(Hg) ·M(Hg).
m(Hg) = 0.02 mol · 200.6 g/mol.
m(Hg) = 4.047 g.
yield = 2.5 g ÷ 4.047 g · 100%.
yield = 61.77%.

3. Answer is: 68.16  grams of the excess reactant (oxygen) remain.
Balanced chemical reaction: 4Fe(s) + 3O₂(g)→ 2Fe₂O₃(g).
m(Fe) = 27.3 g.
n(Fe) = m(Fe) ÷ M(Fe).
n(Fe) = 27.3 g ÷ 55.85 g/mol.
n(Fe) = 0.489 mol.
m(O₂) = 79.9 g.
n(O₂) = 79.9 g ÷ 32 g/mol.
n(O₂) = 2.497 mol; amount of substance.
From chemical reaction: n(Fe) . n(O₂) = 4 : 3.
0.489 mol : n(O₂) = 4 : 3.
n(O₂) = 3 · 0.489 mol ÷ 4.
n(O₂) = 0.367 mol.
Δn(O₂) = 2.497 mol - 0.367 mol.
Δn(O₂) = 2.13 mol.
m(O₂) = 2.13 mol · 32 g/mol.
m(O₂) = 68.16 g.

4. Answer is: there are 0.603 moles of ammonia.
m(NH₃) = 10.25 g; mass of ammonia.
M(NH₃) = Ar(N) + 3Ar(H) · g/mol.
M(NH₃) = 14 + 3·1 · g/mol.
M(NH₃) = 17 g/mol; molar mass of ammonia.
n(NH₃) = m(NH₃) ÷ M(NH₃).
n(NH₃) = 10.25 g ÷ 17 g/mol.
n(NH₃) = 0.603 mol; amount of substance (ammonia).

5. Answer is: the empirical formula mass of P₂O₅ is 141.89.
Empirical formula gives the proportions of the elements present in a compound.
Atomic mass of phosphorus is 30.97 g/mol.
Atomic mass of oxygen is 15.99 g/mol.
In phosphorus (V) oxide there are two atoms of phosphorus and five atoms of oxygen:
EFM(P₂O₅) = 2·30.97 g/mol + 5·15.99 g/mol = 141.89 g/mol. 

6. Answer is: there are 1.108·10²⁴ molecules of water.
n(H₂O) = 1.84 mol; amount of substance (water).
N(H₂O) = n(H₂O) · Na.
N(H₂O) = 1.84 mol · 6.022·10²³ 1/mol.
N(H₂O) = 11.08·10²³.
N(H₂O) = 1.108·10²⁴.
Na - Avogadro constant (number of particles (ions, atoms or molecules), that are contained in one mole of substance).

7. Answer is: iron (Fe) is the limiting reactant.
Balanced chemical reaction: 4Fe(s) + 3O₂(g)→ 2Fe₂O₃(g).
m(Fe) = 27.3 g.
n(Fe) = m(Fe) ÷ M(Fe).
n(Fe) = 27.3 g ÷ 55.85 g/mol.
n(Fe) = 0.489 mol.
m(O₂) = 45.8 g.
n(O₂) = 45.8 g ÷ 32 g/mol.
n(O₂) = 1.431 mol; amount of substance.
From chemical reaction: n(Fe) . n(O₂) = 4 : 3.
For 1.431moles of oxygen we need:
1.431 mol : n(Fe) = 3 : 4.
n(Fe) = 1.908 mol, there is no enough iron.

8. Answer is: there are 0.435 moles of C₆H₁₄.
N(C₆H₁₄) = 2.62·10²³; number of molecules.
n(C₆H₁₄) = N(C₆H₁₄) ÷ Na.
n(C₆H₁₄) = 2.62·10²³ ÷ 6.022·10²³ 1/mol.
n(C₆H₁₄) = 0.435 mol; amount of substance of C₆H₁₄.
Na - Avogadro constant or Avogadro number.

9. Answer is: 3.675 moles of carbon(II) oxide are required to completely react.
Balanced chemical reaction: Fe₂O₃(s) + 3CO(g) ⟶ 2Fe(s) + 3CO₂(g).
n(Fe₂O₃) = 1.225 mol; amount of substance.
From chemical reaction: n(Fe₂O₃) : n(CO) = 1 : 3.
1.225 mol : n(CO) = 1 : 3.
n(CO) = 3 · 1.225 mol.
n(CO) = 3.675 mol.

10. Answer is: there are 2.158 moles of barium atoms.
N(Ba) = 2.62·10²³; number of atoms of barium.
n(Ba) = N(Ba) ÷ Na.
n(Ba) = 1.3·10²⁴ ÷ 6.022·10²³ 1/mol.
n(Ba) = 2.158 mol; amount of substance of barium.
Na - Avogadro constant or Avogadro number.

11. Answer is: 6.26·10²³ carbon atoms are present.
n(C₂H₆O) = 0.52 mol; amount of substance.
N(C₂H₆O) = n(C₂H₆O) · Na.
N(C₂H₆O) = 0.52 mol · 6.022·10²³ 1/mol.
N(C₂H₆O) = 3.13·10²³.
In one molecule of C₂H₆O there are two atoms of carbon:
N(C) = N(C₂H₆O) · 2.
N(C) = 3.13·10²³ · 2.
N(C) = 6.26·10²³.

12. Answer is: the empirical formula is C₂H₄O.
If we use 100 grams of compound:
1) ω(C) = 51% ÷ 100% = 0.51.
m(C) = ω(C) · m(compound).
m(C) = 0.51 · 100 g.
m(C) = 51 g.
n(C) = m(C) ÷ M(C).
n(C) = 51 g ÷ 12 g/mol.
n(C) = 4.25 mol.
2) ω(H) = 9.3 % ÷ 100% = 0.093.
m(H) = 0.093 · 100 g.
m(H) = 9.3 g.
n(H) = 9.3 g ÷ 1 g/mol.
n(H) = 9.3 mol
3) ω(O) = 39.2 % ÷ 100%.
ω(O) = 0.392.
m(O) = 0.392 · 100 g.
m(O) = 39.2 g.
n(O) = 39.2 g ÷ 16 g/mol.
n(O) = 2.45 mol.
4) n(C) : n(H) : n(O) = 4.25 mol : 9.3 mol : 2.45 mol /2.45 mol.
n(C) : n(H) : n(O) = 1.73 : 3.795 : 1.