Electrically charged atoms or combinations of atoms are called

Answer : Electrically charged atoms or combinations of atoms are called ions

Explanation :

An ion is formed when an atom loses or gains electron.

An atom is electrically neutral because it contains equal number of protons and electrons.

But when an electron is lost from the atom, it creates an imbalance of protons and electrons. We have more protons than electrons and as a result the atom becomes positively charged and known as "Cation"

On the other hand, when an electron is gained, we have more electrons than protons. Therefore the atom becomes negatively charged which is known as "Anion"

In general, these electrically charged species are known as "ions".

since the atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus, as we move to the left on the periodic table, the electrostatic pull between the nucleus and the valence electron shell decreases. as we move down a group (vertical column), the valence shell energy level gets further and further from the nucleus.

a polar bond is formed when electrons are shared unevenly between atoms