Item 4 part a if a proton and an electron are released when they are 4.50×10−10 m apart (typical atomic distances), find the initial acceleration of each of them.

Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity with respect to time.

Formulas of force are given by:

  (1)

where,

F = force

m = mass

a = acceleration

  (2)

where,

F = force

k = coulomb constant ()

r = distance between the charged particles

and are the signed magnitude of charges

Use the formula (2) for calculating the value of force, we get:

Substitute the value of and , k and r to find the value of force.

F=

=

Now, put the above value force in formula (1) to identify the initial acceleration.

  (1)   (mass of electron  =)

acceleration of electron =

=

And,

acceleration of proton =

mass of proton =

Thus,

acceleration of proton =

=

Now, initial acceleration of electron and proton is   and as 1 N = .

the dissociation of nickel hydroxide is follows:

the concentration of hydroxide ion is

the equilibrium constant value of nickel hydroxide is = 6.1 * 10^-^1^6 and thus equilibrium equation can be written as:

thus, concentration of ni is 0.23 * 10^-^4 mol /l