What would happen during a tug of war between sodium and chlorine over each others electrons? why?

The number of valence electron in sodium is 1 and that in chlorine are 7. In order to complete the octet (8 electrons in outermost shell) sodium can give its valence electron to an atom with more electronegativity. Here, chlorine is more electronegative than sodium, due to 7 valence electrons it required one more electron to complete its octet.

Therefore, chlorine can take 1 valence electron of sodium to form ionic bond. In the ionic compound so formed, both sodium and chlorine have complete octets. In aqueous solution they exist as and ions, the positive charge on sodium indicates that it donates its one electron and negative charge on chlorine indicates that it accepts an electron.

All this happen due to difference in electronegativity of sodium and chlorine (chlorine is more electronegative than sodium).

when 25.0 ml of 0.700 mol/l naoh was mixed in a calorimeter with 25.0 ml of 0.700 mol/l hcl, both initially at 20.0 °c, the temperature increased to 22.1 °c. the heat capacity of the calorimeter is 279 j/°c.

the equation for the reaction is:

naoh + hcl → nacl + h₂o

moles of hcl = 0.0250 l hcl ×

0.700

mol hcl

1 l hcl = 0.0175 mol hcl

volume of solution = (25.0 + 25.0) ml = 50.0 ml

mass of solution = 50.0 ml soln ×

1.00

ml soln

= 50.0 g soln

δt=t2-t1

= (22.1 – 20.0) °c = 2.1 °c

the heats involved are

heat from neutralization + heat to warm solution + heat to warm calorimeter = 0

q1+q2+q3=0

nδh+mcδt+cδt=0

0.0175 mol ×

δh

+ 50.0 g × 4.184 j·g⁻¹°c⁻¹ × 2.1 °c + 279 j°c⁻¹ × 2.1 °c = 0

0.0175 mol ×

δh

+ 439.32 j + 585.9 j = 0

0.0175 mol ×

δh

= -1025.22 j

δh=1025.22j0.0175 mol= -58 600 j/mol = -58.6 kj/mol