How many joules of heat are absorbed to raise the temperature of 435 grams of water at 1 atm from 25c to its boiling point 100c

Can someone me with questions 12 and 13 plz.

20 pts ‼️ an unmanned spacecraft travels to mars. mars has a lower strength of gravity than earth. where in the image is the spacecraft’s weight the greatest?

Question 3(multiple choice worth 4 points) (04.04 lc) what does it mean when an element is reduced? it empties a valance shell, reducing its atomic radius. it gains electrons, reducing its overall charge. it increases electronegativity, reducing its ability to bond. it loses electrons, reducing its electron number.