Explain how the bacteria the gulf oil spill and what does it have to do with dispersants.

Some bacteria use oil as their source. Before the oil spill waters of gulf has many bacteria of different phyla, immediately after the spill the bacteria of several phyla became less whereas bacteria of a particular phyla has increased. This shows that several phyla of bacteria were sensitive to bacteria whereas some able to persist the high doses of oil. Scientists after research identified the bacteria which is growing in the presence of oil and found that some bacteria feed on aromatic compounds which are very hard to break. Some examples of these bacteria are Colwellia, Neptuniibacter etc. Dispersants are used when workers want to stop the oil from spreading to a covered area like harbour or marsh. These dispersants are useful because oil is moved away from the habitat of the marine animals. The dispersant-oil mixture was colonised rapidly and was broken down by the bacteria that sunk towards the bottom. The dispersants helped the bacteria by exposing more oil to them.

the best answer is d because the strong cohesion is caused by the ability of water molecules to undergo hydrogen bonding.

a is incorrect because when water solidifies, it becomes   ice, which expands and occupies a bigger volume for the same mass of water in its liquid state.

b is incorrect because water has high surface tension. besides bonding to itself it hydrogen bonds to other molecules at the top decreasing possibility for breaking of attractive forces.

c is incorrect because the water molecule has oxygen which is highly electronegative and so pulls the electron pair towards itself creating a dipole moment, making the molecule polar.

e is incorrect because water has strong adhesion, ability to stick to other molecules such as glass because of this molecules having stronger hydrogen bonding than water.

10 years is the answer