Oxygen’s atomic number is 8. this means that an oxygen atom has
a. eight neutrons in its nucleus.
c. eight protons in its nucleus.
b. a total of eight protons and neutrons.
d. a total of eight neutrons and electrons.

The correct choice is

c. eight protons in its nucleus.

we know that the atomic number of an element determines the number of electrons and number of protons in the nucleus of atom of the element. In an element, the number of electrons and number of protons are equal and is same as the atomic number of the element.

a rain shadow is a dry region of land on the side that is protected against the prevailing winds of a mountain range. the prevailing winds are the winds that occur most of the time in a particular place of the earth

prevailing winds carry air toward the mountain range. as the air rises up over a mountain range, the air cools, water vapor condenses, and clouds form. on this side of the mountains, called the windward side, precipitation falls in the form of  rain  or snow. this dry air produces a  rain shadow.