Asample of oxygen gas occupies 3.60 liters at a pressure of 1.00 atm. if the temperature is held constant, what will be the volume of the oxygen gas at a pressure of 2.50 atm?

0.694 l

1.44 l

4.35 l

9.20 l

= 1.44 L

Boyle's law states that the volume of a fixed mass of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure at a constant temperature.

Mathematically;

P α 1/V

PV =constant

Thus, P1V1 = P2V2

P1 = 1.00 atm, V1 = 3.60 liters, V2 = ?, P2 = 2.50 atm

V2 = P1V1/P2

    = (1× 3.6)/2.5

    = 1.44 L

the number of valence electrons for each molecule or ion is shown beneath the structure. remember hydrogen will not have more than two electrons. this hydrogen is part of a covalent bond (sharing two electrons). a double bond here would cause hydrogen to share four electrons with phosphorus.

definition

                    entropy is a measure of the randomness or the extent of disorder of a chemical process.

                      enthalpy is a measure of the heat change of a reaction occurring at a constant pressure.

measurement units:

                        entropy is measured in joule per kelvin (jk⁻¹)   whereas enthalpy is measured in joule per mole (jmol⁻¹)

requirements:

                            entropy has no requirements or limits, and its change is measured by the division between the heat change of the chemical process and the temperature.

                              in contrast, enthalpy can only be related to the heat change of the reaction under standard conditions.