Charles' gas law demonstrates a the linear relationship between volume and temperature of gas particles. which of the variables below must remain constant for charles' law to be in effect? a. volume b. temperature c. pressure d. mass

When the pressure of the system remains constant Charles law can be applied.

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explanation:

covalent bonds

consist of pairs of electrons shared by two atoms, and bind the atoms to fixed orientation and requre high energies to break them

ionic bonds

when two atoms differ considerably in their electronegativity, then one of the atoms will lose its electron to the other atom. this results in a positively charged ion(cation) and a negatively charged ion (anion)