The planets closest to the sun are the inner, or terrestrial, planets and are similar to earth in some ways. they are rocky and dense, have few moons, no rings, and are relatively small. these planets also differ in many ways, as shown in the chart. for example, venus is the hottest planet on the chart, even though mercury is closer to the sun. the temperature difference between venus and earth is significantly greater than the difference between venus and mercury, even though venus lies close to midway between those two planets. which statement elaborates on the cause of this wide range of temperatures between terrestrial planets? 45 !
a) the dense atmosphere of venus traps the sun's heat, known as the greenhouse effect, resulting in high temperatures.

b) the farther away from the sun, the thinner a planet's atmosphere. closer planets need more protection from the heat.

c) the temperature of mars is so low because its atmosphere is mostly made of carbon dioxide, which does not trap heat well.

d) venus is more than twice as large as mercury, so it absorbs more of the sun's heat, even though mercury is closer to the sun.

Explanation:

The terrestrial planets are the planets closest to the Sun.

Venus is the hottest planet, the temperature on Venus is higher than the temperature on Mercury and Earth.

Venus has a thick dense atmosphere, composed of primarily carbon dioxide and clouds of sulfuric acid, that traps the Sun’s heat, resulting in high temperatures. The atmosphere of Venus is more denser than the atmosphere of Mercury and Earth.

in scientific notation, the value of the  speed of light in a vacuum

  will be written as 2.995 * 10^8. when this value is represented in the form of

  a * 10^b, then, a = 2.995 and b = 8.

the value of the speed of light in a vacuum given above can also be rounded up to approximately 300000000. in this case, the scientific notation will be written as 3 *10^8.

the enthalpy of formation of water is given as -285.8kj/mol, which states that the enthalpy of formation is negative.

negative enthalpy of formation indicates that the heat is released during the reaction process. the heat is released from reaction to the surroundings the enthalpy is expressed with a negative sign with the energy given out in the reaction process.

the formation of water takes place by giving out heat which is -285.8 kj/mol.