What are the concentrations of hydroxide and hydronium ions in a solution with a ph of 8.3?

[H⁺] = 5.012 x 10⁻⁹. & [OH⁻] = 1.995 x 10⁻⁶.

Explanation:

∵ pH = - log[H⁺]

8.3 = - log[H⁺]

∴ log[H⁺] = - 8.3.

∴ [H⁺] = 5.012 x 10⁻⁹.

∵ [H⁺][OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴.

∴ [OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴/[H⁺] = 10⁻¹⁴/(5.012 x 10⁻⁹) = 1.995 x 10⁻⁶.

acid rain does not usually kill trees directly. instead, it is more likely to weaken the trees by damaging their leaves, limiting the nutrients available to them, or poisoning them with toxic substances slowly released from the soil. the main atmospheric pollutants that affect trees are nitrates and sulphates.

answer: they produce more slow than unicellular organisms.