Which action do researchers take to make advances in science? they guard their findings against the scrutiny of outside sources. they share their experimental results with other researchers. they reduce their participation in working with other scientists. they announce their findings in newspapers to avoid peer review

the electron configuration that you gave me has 16 electrons ergo it has 16 protons ergo it is the element sulfur.

it can be observed without changing the identity of the object.

it depends on what substance you're talking about as well as many other factors. in quantum mechanics, the observation of particles affects the observers ability to measure certain properties. for example: you can know the velocity of a particle, but you can't know it's position; or you can know it's position, but not it's velocity. it's like trying to find out where a grain of sand is by throwing other grains of sand at it. once you find out where it is, it's been moved. it's also like trying to find an answer to the question of whether or not a tree falling in a forest makes a sound if nobody is there to hear it. paradoxically, the only way to find out is to be there and hear it.

yes the answer is total mass in unchanged   : )