What are the reactions of electron transport chain and respiratory chain?

The electron transport chain consists of a series of redox reaction in the form of complex I, Q, complex II and III.

1- complex I establishes hydrogen gradient across the matrix by transferring two hydrogen ions plus its uses FMH as a cofactor.

2- In Q and complex II series, Q is reduced by NADH into QH2 and this complex receives FADH2 which delivers electrons to ETC.

3- The third complex is composed of cytochrome b and c.It also transfers protons to the fourth complex.

4- The Fourth complex contains cytochrome proteins c, a, and a3. It reduces oxygen which picks up the protons to form water.

Overall series of reactions in ETC:

NADH+H+ → Complex I → Q → Complex III → cytochrome c → Complex IV  → H2O

                     ↑

                 Complex II  

                     ↑

                 Succinate  

Respiratory chain:

1- Hydrogen is obtained by the reduction of NADH and from FADH.

2- The electrons are transferred to complexes I, II and III and then to oxygen.

3- After this complexes, I, II and III expel protons across the membrane.

4- These protons are then used to synthesize ATP.

colorless gas, exhibiting a blue glow when placed in an electric field

b) solid

its a type of rock

weight of any object is given by

w = m*g

where m is mass of the object and g is the acceleration due to gravity.

for earth the value of g is 9.8 m/s^2 so

w=117.6 n m=12 g=?

117.6=12g => g=9.8 m/s^2

which is the force of gravity on earth.