In nature, one common strategy to make thermodynamically unfavorable reactions proceed is to couple them chemically to reactions that are thermodynamically favorable. as long as the overall reaction is thermodynamically favorable, even the unfavorable reaction will proceed.
part a
consider these hypothetical chemical reactions:
a⇌b,δg= 14.8 kj/mol
b⇌c,δg= -29.7 kj/mol
c⇌d,δg= 8.10 kj/mol
what is the free energy, δg, for the overall reaction, a⇌d?
part c
firefly luciferase is the enzyme that allows fireflies to illuminate their abdomens. because this light generation is an atp-requiring reaction, firefly luciferase can be used to test for the presence of atp. in this way, luciferase can test for the presence of life. the coupled reactions are
luciferin+o2atp⇌⇌oxyluciferin+light amp+ppi
if the overall δg of the coupled reaction is -7.50 kj/mol , what is the equilibrium constant, k, of the first reactions at 11 ∘c ? the δg for the hydrolysis of atp to amp is −31.6 kj/mol.

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.

answer:

technetium is the most reactive. this is followed by silver. the least reactive out of these three elements is strontium.

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