Freon−12 (cf2cl2), widely used as a refrigerant and aerosol propellant, is a dangerous air pollutant. in the troposphere, it traps heat 25 times as effectively as co2, and in the stratosphere, it participates in the breakdown of ozone. freon−12 is prepared industrially by reaction of gaseous carbon tetrachloride with hydrogen fluoride. hydrogen chloride gas also forms. how many grams of carbon tetrachloride are required for the production of 47.6 dm3 of freon−12 at 25°c and 1.84 atm?

)benzene and toluene form nearly ideal solutions. consider an equimolar solution of benzene and toluene. at 20 °c the vapour pressures of pure benzene and toluene are 9.9 kpa and 2.9 kpa, respectively. the solution is boiled by reducing the external pressure below the vapour pressure. calculate (i) the pressure when boiling begins, (ii) the composition of each component in the vapour, and (iii) the vapour pressure when only a few drops of liquid remain. assume that the rate of vaporization is low enough for the temperature to remain constant at 20 °c.

The characteristics of two different types of reactions are shown below: reaction a: electrons are gained by the atoms of an element. reaction b: protons are lost by the atom of an element. which statement is true about the atoms of the elements that participate in the two reactions? their identity changes in both reaction a and reaction b. their identity changes in reaction a but not in reaction b. their identity changes in reaction b but not in reaction a. their identity remains the same in both reaction a and reaction b.

Pinene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon found in pine resin. if pinene has m+ = 136 and contains 1 double bond(s) and 2 ring(s); what is its molecular formula? enter the formula in the form ch first, then all other atoms in alphabetical order; do not use subscripts. the formula is case-sensitive