Which of the following would lead to the smallest entropy loss in the surroundings?
a. an endothermic reaction in a hot environment.
b. an endothermic reaction in a cold environment.
c. an exothermic reaction in a hot environment
d. an exothermic reaction in a cold environment.

answer:

the answer is 6 valence electrons.

explanation:

valence is the # of electrons on the outer most shell of an atom.

oxygen has 6.

although, the valency of oxygen is 2, because it only needs to make 2 covalent bonds, or gain 2 electrons, to achieve the stable octet configuration of a noble gas.

that's it!

if you need further assistance, let me know: )

~ trueboss72

the awnser is group 12