Consider the following set of ions: al3+; li+, rb+, [(c4h9)4n+].
a). which of these ions will form the largest hydrated ion(s)?
b). which cation(s) will be hydrophobic structure makers?
c).which ion attaches the fewest water molecules when it dissolves in water?
d).which ion is most likely to be an electrostatic structure breaker?
e).which ion is most likely to be an electrostatic structure maker?

Hey there!:

a) Cations which are lowest size generally forms adopts more number of water molecules around it. Such kind of Cations forms largest hydrated ions. Among given cations, Li+ is smallest one and (C4H9)4N+ is largest one. So, Li+ ion forms largest hydrated ion.

b) Organic ligands or alkyl chains contained Cations are hydrophobic in nature due to its low polar nature. Among given (C₄H₉)4N⁺ cation is hydrophobic in nature.

c) Size of cation inversely proportional to the hydrated sphere or number of water molecules attached. So, in the given Cations  (C₄H₉)4N⁺ is largest cation which attaches fewest water molecules.

d) Charge on the cation makes it more electrostatic maker. But size is inversily proportional to electrostatic property. (C₄H₉)4N⁺ is electrostatic structure breaker.

e) Al⁺³ has highest charge. So it is most electrostatic structure maker.

Hope this helps!

we can conclude that the melting point of table salt is above room temperature (it's actually 801 deg c). the melting point of mercury must be below room temperature (- 39 deg c).

a rain shadow is a dry region of land on the side that is protected against the prevailing winds of a mountain range. the prevailing winds are the winds that occur most of the time in a particular place of the earth

prevailing winds carry air toward the mountain range. as the air rises up over a mountain range, the air cools, water vapor condenses, and clouds form. on this side of the mountains, called the windward side, precipitation falls in the form of  rain  or snow. this dry air produces a  rain shadow.