In a binary system, what is the maximum number of phases that can co-exist under the equilibrium conditions? one a b two three c d four

D) Four

Explanation:

Using phase rule,

F = C - P + 2

where,

C is the number of components in the system. For example, for binary systems, C=2

P indicates the number of phase of the component. It is defined as homogeneous chemical composition of the substance. Thus, two immiscible liquids with definite boundaries form 2 phases.

F is the number of variables. For example , variables like temperature, pressure, mole fraction, etc.

Thus, using this

C =2

For P to be maximum, F has to be 0. This is the condition when all the variable of the binary system is known.

So,

F = C - P + 2

0 = 2 - P + 2

P = 4

hope this

explanation:

covalent bonds

consist of pairs of electrons shared by two atoms, and bind the atoms to fixed orientation and requre high energies to break them

ionic bonds

when two atoms differ considerably in their electronegativity, then one of the atoms will lose its electron to the other atom. this results in a positively charged ion(cation) and a negatively charged ion (anion)