Water is heated while flowing through a 1.5 cm x 3.5 cm rectangular tube at a velocity of 1.2 m/s. the entering water temperature is 40 c and the tube wall is maintained at 85 c. determine the length of the tube required to raise the temperature of the water by 35 c.

acid rain does not usually kill trees directly. instead, it is more likely to weaken the trees by damaging their leaves, limiting the nutrients available to them, or poisoning them with toxic substances slowly released from the soil. the main atmospheric pollutants that affect trees are nitrates and sulphates.