At 20°c, an aqueous solution that is 24.0% by mass in ammonium chloride has a density of 1.0674 g/ml. what is the molarity of ammonium chloride in the solution? the formula weight of nh4cl is 53.50 g/mol.

Molarity = 4.79 M

Explanation:

Mass percentage -

Mass percentage of A is given as , the mass of the substance A by mass of the total solution multiplied by 100.

i.e.

mass % A = mass of A / mass of solution * 100  

Given,

24% by mass of ammonium chloride,

so,

100 g solution contains , 24 g of ammonium chloride,

mass of solution = 100g

and mass of the solute , i.e. , ammonium chloride = 24 g .

Hence,

Moles -

Moles are calculated as the given mass divided by the molecular mass.  

i.e. ,

moles = ( mass / molecular mass )

Given,

The molecular mass of ammonium chloride is 53.50 g /mol

moles of ammonium chloride = 24 g / 53.50 g /mol

moles of ammonium chloride = 0.449 mol

Density -

Density of a substance is given as the mass divided by the volume ,

Density = mass / volume ,

Volume = mass / density

Given ,

Density of ammonium chloride = 1.0764 g /mL

Calculated above , mass of solution = 100 g

volume of solution = 100 g / 1.0764 g/ mL

volume of solution = 93.69 mL

Since , 1 ml = 1/1000 L

volume of solution = 93.69 /1000 L

volume of solution = 0.09369 L

Molarity -

Molarity of a solution is given by the moles of solute per liter of the solution

Hence,  

M = moles of solute / volume of solution (in L)

As calculated above,

moles of ammonium chloride = 0.449 mol

volume of solution = 0.09368 L

Putting in the above formula

Molarity = 0.449 mol / 0/09368 L

Molarity = 4.79 M