The levels of nitrogen and in the atmosphere remain fairly constant, but the levels of the other gases may vary. such as carbon dioxide and water vapor, are known to trap heat in earth's atmosphere. particles of solids and liquids floating in the atmosphere are known as the upper boundary of the troposphere is called the ozone gas heats the stratosphere by absorbing rays from the sun. the international space station (iss) orbits earth in the in the atmosphere, the has no upper boundary and just fades into space. when you place your hand near a candle flame, your hand will get warm due to if you place one end of a metal rod in a fire, the other end will eventually get hot due to boiling water on the stove is an example of the transfer of thermal energy via