Which of the following statements does not describe the anomeric carbon? a. this carbon is attached to two oxygens. b. this carbon is chiral. c. the hydroxyl group on this carbon can be above or below the ring. d. it is the carbon of the carbonyl in the open-chain form of the sugar. e. all of the statements describe the anomeric carbon

The answer is E. All of the statements describe the anomeric carbon.

Explanation:

When a sugar switches from its open form to its ring form, the carbon from the carbonyl (aldehyde if it is an aldose, or a ketone in the case of a ketose) suffers a nucleophilic addition by one of the hydroxyls in the chain, preferably one that will form a 5 or 6 membered ring after the reaction.

As such, the anomeric carbon will have two oxygens attached (The original one and the one that bonded when the ring closed).

It will be chiral, given that it has 4 different groups attached. (-OR,-OH,-H and -R, where R is the carbon chain).

The hydroxyl group can be in any position (Above of below the ring), depending on with side the addition took place. (See attachment)

It is the carbon of the carbonyl in the open-chain form of the sugar, because it is the only one that can react with the Hydroxyls.

a rain shadow is a dry region of land on the side that is protected against the prevailing winds of a mountain range. the prevailing winds are the winds that occur most of the time in a particular place of the earth

prevailing winds carry air toward the mountain range. as the air rises up over a mountain range, the air cools, water vapor condenses, and clouds form. on this side of the mountains, called the windward side, precipitation falls in the form of  rain  or snow. this dry air produces a  rain shadow.