Asolution containing a mixture of lactic acid and lactate was found to have a ph of 3.51. calculate the ratio of the lactate concentration to the lactic acid concentration in this solution.

0.4467

Explanation:

The solution of the lactic acid and lactate acts as a buffer.

Considering the Henderson- Hasselbalch equation for the calculation of the pH of the buffer solution as:

pH=pKa+log[Conjugate base]/[acid]

Where Ka is the dissociation constant of the lactic acid.

So, pKa of the lactic acid = 3.86

pH = 3.51

So,

3.51 = 3.86 + log[Lactate]/[Lactic acid]

log[Lactate]/[Lactic acid]  = -0.35

Or,

[Lactate]/[Lactic acid]  = 0.4467

11 players on a field that has a maximum of 11 players