Chemistry, 10.09.2019 02:30 bettybales1986

You can obtain a rough estimate of the size of a molecule with the following simple experiment: let a droplet of oil spread out on a fairly large but smooth water surface. the resulting "oil slick" that forms on the surface of the water will be approximately one molecule thick. given an oil droplet with a mass of 9.00 × 10−7 kg and a density of 918 kg/m3 that spreads out to form a circle with a radius of 41.8 cm on the water surface, what is the approximate diameter of an oil molecule?

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Answer from: rubycarbajal

The diameter of the oil molecule is $4.4674\times 10^{-8} cm$ .

Explanation:

Mass of the oil drop = $m=9.00\times 10^{-7} kg$

Density of the oil drop = d=918 kg/m^3

Volume of the oil drop: v

$d=\frac{m}{v}$

$v=\frac{m}{d}=\frac{9.00\times 10^{-7} kg}{918 kg/m^3}$

Thickness of the oil drop is 1 molecule thick.So, let the thickness of the drop or diameter of the molecule be x.

Radius of the oil drop on the water surface,r = 41.8 cm = 0.418 m

1 cm = 0.01 m

Surface of the sphere is given as: a = $4\pi r^2$

$a=4\times 3.14\times (0.418 m)^2=2.1945 m^2$

Volume of the oil drop = v = Area × thickness

$\frac{9.00\times 10^{-7} kg}{918 kg/m^3}=2.1945 m^2\times x$

$x= 4.4674\times 10^{-10} m= 4.4674\times 10^{-8} cm$

The thickness of the oil drop is $4.4674\times 10^{-8} cm$ and so is the diameter of the molecule.

Answer from: Quest

assuming that your periodic table has eighteen columns, you should highlight the four elements in the third column from the left of the table.

explanation

neutral atoms of elements after calcium contain d electrons. the energy of d orbitals of a particular main shell lies between the energy of the s and p orbitals of the next main shell. for example, electrons in the $3d$ have energy higher than those in the $4 s$ orbital while lower than those of the $4 p$ orbital.

by the aufbau principle, electrons fill orbitals one at a time, starting from those of the lowest energy. the $4s$ orbital is therefore filled right after $3p$ orbitals and before $3 d$ orbitals.

potassium has electron configuration $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{1}$ and calcium $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{2}$ . the s orbital of a main shell holds a maximum of two electrons. the next element would thus have the electron configuration $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{2} \; 3d^{1}$ and satisfy the requirements.

a neutral atom of the element contains three electrons on top of the most recent noble gas element. it should thus be placed in the third column of the periodic table. both scandium and yttrium would satisfy the conditions. an aufbau diagram indicates that the 4f orbital is filled before the 5d. however, it appears that exceptions exists for both lanthanum and actinium. neutral atoms of the two d-block elements also demonstrate the $ns^{2} \; (n-1) p^{1}$ and should be highlighted as well.

Answer from: Quest

No table found. the question asks for covalent bond based on electronegativies

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