What is the minimum number of nucleobase "digits" required to code for the 20 different amino acids? (groups of nucleotides, each coding for a single amino acid in a protein chain, are called "codons" by biologists.) (hint: how many four-state "digits" are needed to represent 20 unique things? )

3 "digits" are required to code for the 20 different amino acids.

This means that in order to code for one amino acid, you require a group of 3 nucleotides, which is called a 'codon'

Explanation:

If each nucleotide determined one amino acid, we could only code for four different amino acids, since DNA contains only four kinds of nucleotides.

If an amino acid were to be coded by a group of two nucleotides, the total number of diniclueotides we could get would be 4^2 = 16. This means that we could only code for 16 amino acids, which is an inferior amount than the number of amino acids required for protein synthesis (20).

If an amino acid were to be coded by a group of three nucleotides, the total number of trinucleotides we could get would be 4^3 = 64. This means that the  total amount of triplets we could get is 64, which is more than enough to be able to code for the 20 different amino acids.

plants need sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make food. plants use the raw materials of water, nutrients they absorb from soil, and carbon dioxide to make sugars the plant can use. energy from the sun and chlorophyll are also needed.

explanation:

let the different atoms be x and y. each with four protons and same mass will be represented as follows.

mass number is number of protons + number of neutrons.

            and  

since, it is given that one has a negative charge while the other is neutral. therefore, there will be increase in number of protons and the atom will be represented as follows.

according to periodic table, mass number of beryllium is 9 and it has atomic number 4 so, the atoms will be and .  

the protons and neutrons will be located inside the nucleus whereas the electrons will be revolving around the nucleus.