This problem has been solved!
see the answer
nacl is an ionic solid. the na+ and cl− ions in nacl are bonded through an electrostatic force of attraction commonly known as the ionic bond. water is a polar solvent. the oxygen atom, being more electronegative, attracts the electron cloud toward itself. as the electron cloud is pulled by the oxygen atom, it carries a partial negative charge, and the hydrogen atoms carry a partial positive charge. this partial separation of charges in the water molecule makes it polar. predict which intermolecular forces contribute the most to the dissolution of nacl in water. check all that apply.
a. ion-ion forces
b. ion-dipole forces
c. dipole-dipole forces
d. hydrogen bonding
suppose that nacl is added to hexane (c6h14) instead of water. which of the following intermolecular forces will exist in the system?
a. ion-dipole force between na+ ions and a hexane molecule
b. ion-ion force between na+ and cl− ions
c. dipole-dipole force between two hexane molecules
d. hydrogen bonding between na+ ions and a hexane molecule
e. london dispersion force between two hexane molecules

NaCl and water: Ion - Dipolo forces

NaCl and Hexane: Ion-ion force between Na+ and Cl− ions and London dispersion force between two hexane molecules

Explanation:

NaCl and water:

The ion-dipole force is established between an ion and a polar molecule.  Polar molecules are dipoles, they have a positive end and a negative end.

H2O has an important charge separation in its atoms (the H has a positive partial charge and the O has a negative partial charge) and this causes permanent electrical dipoles in the water molecules.

Sodium chloride is an ionic compound formed of positive and negative charge ions, Na + and Cl-. Depending on their charge, these ions will be attracted to opposite charges in the water molecules (H attracts chloride ions and O attracts sodium ions), causing the salt to dissolve in water.

NaCl and Hexane:

The dispersion forces of London occur between apolar molecules, and they occur because when two molecules approach a distortion of the electronic clouds of both originates, generating in them, transient induced dipoles, due to the movement of the electrons, so it allows interact with each other.

Hexane is a non-polar molecule, which are those that have no charge separation within the molecules. Then there is London dispersion force between two hexane molecules.

On the other hand, the ion-ion force is produced between ions of the same or different charge, where ions with charges of opposite sign attract each other and ions with charges of the same sign repel each other. This is the force that occurs between the NaCl ions.

according to the u.s. department of agriculture, the label of "certified organic" comes with a set of highly regulated standards for environmental stewardship and resource conservation. some of these include maintenance and improvement of soil quality, prevention of ground and surface water contamination, greenhouse gas regulation, encouragement of biodiversity and conservation of water and energy (see references 1). organic practices integrate natural methods such as mulching, plant diversity, native and adapted plants, crop rotation and the introduction of beneficial insects to control pests without synthetic pesticides.

environmental implications of pesticides

synthetic pesticides ensure high crop yields. while effective in achieving this goal, pesticides contaminate soil, air, ground and surface water, as well as the plants and animals that come into contact with these contaminated sources. freshwater and marine organisms are particularly susceptible to pesticides through agricultural runoff. pesticides also reduce soil fertility (necessitating the use of synthetic fertilizers) and can travel far from the original source, contaminating water and air hundreds of miles from the location of application (see references 2).

health implications of organics

although a subject of particular debate, many recent findings show that organic food is healthier than conventionally grown food. according to the usda, an extensive european union-funded study found that organically grown foods contain more beneficial compounds, such as the vitamins and antioxidants needed to combat many diseases (see references 5). organic milk, meat and eggs are regulated to ensure they are free of hormones administered to conventional livestock and poultry.

health implications of pesticides

pesticides affect human health in three ways: through skin contact, inhalation and ingestion. acute and long-term exposure to pesticides can cause serious health problems for farmers who apply them. the majority of other people are affected by drinking contaminated water and eating contaminated marine life (see references 3). pesticides have been linked to neurological disorders, endocrine and reproductive disorders, immune system deficiencies and cancer. according to the world health organization, acute pesticide poisoning (app) is responsible for significant annual mortality, especially in developing nations (see references 4).

other important considerations

not every small farm or business owner can afford the costly certification process required to be considered "certified organic," even if the farm is not using chemicals. "transitional" farms include those that once used chemicals and are now transitioning to organic-only production. in addition, though organic farming methods offer obvious environmental benefit, an organic apple shipped from around the world creates a different set of environmental problems. locally grown food (particularly locally grown, organic food) is key in sustainable food production.