The atomic radii of li+ and 02 ions are 0.068 and 0.140 nm, respectively. (a) calculate the force of attraction between these two ions at their equilibrium interionic separation (i. e., when the ions just touch one another). (b) what is the force of repulsion at this same separation distance? 2.19 for a k+-c- ion pair, attractive and repulsive energies ea and er, respectively, depend on the distance between the ions r, according to

Explanation:

a) Attractive force

To calculate the attractive force (F), we can use Coulomb's Law:

where  

Q₁ and Q₂ are the charges on the ions,

r is the distance between them, and

k = the Coulomb constant

Data:

Q₁ = 1+

Q₂ = 1-

r₊ = 0.068 nm

r₋ = 0.140 nm

k = 8.988 × 10⁹ N· m²C⁻²

Calculations:

Q₁ = (+1) × 1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ C = +1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ C

Q₂ = (-1)   × 1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ C = -1.602   × 10⁻¹⁹ C

r = r₊ + r₋ = 0.068 nm + 0.140 nm = 0.208 nm = 0.208 × 10⁻⁹ m

The negative sign shows that the ions are attracted to each other.

(b) Repulsive force

The equilibrium position is reached when the ions just touch each other. If they come any closer, the nuclear repulsions will outweigh the Coulombic attraction.

Thus, the repulsive force is equal and opposite to the attractive force.

c. heat could easily travel through the molecules in the air and escape/enter the flask. removing the air slows down the heat transfer.  

lol idk man i guess u gotta ask bill nye the science guy