Calculate the molarity of the two solutions.
a). the first solution contains 0.550 mol of naoh in 2.50 l of solution.

b). the second solution contains 15.7 g of nacl in 709 ml of solution.

A = Molarity = 0.22 M

B = Molarity = 0.36 M

Explanation:

Given data:

For first solution:

number of moles = 0.550 mol

Volume of solution = 2.50 L

Molarity = ?

Molarity:

Formula:

Molarity = number of moles of solute / volume of solution in L.

Molarity = 0.550 mol / 2.50 L

Molarity = 0.22 M

For second solution:

Mass of NaCl =  15.7 g

Volume of solution = 709 mL  or 709/1000 = 0.709 L

Molarity = ?

Solution:

Number of moles = mass / molar mass

Number of moles = 14.7 g/ 58.44 g/mol

Number of moles = 0.252 mol

Molarity:

Molarity = number of moles of solute / volume of solution in L.

Molarity = 0.252 mol / 0.709 L

Molarity = 0.36 M

1. the question asks the most appropriate, which seems to rule out "all of the above." your choice appears to be the correct one.

2. the protocol described is good for identifying correlation, but not cause and effect. for cause/effect, you need to devise a protocol that will assign the treatment (or not) to groups that have essentially the same "demographics" with respect to all the other variables. your choice regarding control group seems appropriate. random assignment of treatment (choice d) may be appropriate also. (i think you can argue that b and d are just different descriptions of the same method.)

3. d will randomize the birds, but may not guarantee there are 10 in each group. e will do both, so seems the better choice.

comment on question 2

based on the problem statement, it seems clear that confident, attentive drivers are more likely to use daytime running lights. so, the protocol might need to be devised in such a way that the lights would be turned on or off without the driver's knowledge. (an attentive driver will figure it out.) assigning a confident, attentive driver to a group required to drive without running lights might mess with his/her confidence and attentiveness. you don't want your experiment to do that. (nor do you want the experiment to subject a driver to greater risk of accident as a consequence of driving without running lights.) experiments involving human safety are always problematic.