How does ph affect enzyme-catalyzed reactions? how does affect enzyme-catalyzed reactions? energy stored in protons is used to drive endergonic reactions. the concentration of protons affects an enzyme's folded structure and reactivity. proton concentration increases the kinetic energy of the reactants, enabling them to reach their transition state. protons serve as substrates for most reactions.

The concentration of protons affects an enzyme's folded structure and reactivity.

Explanation:

Enzymes act within narrow pH limits (optimal reaction pH). Since most enzymes have a protein structure, the variation in pH or temperature affects their enzymatic activity.

To catalyze a reaction, an enzyme binds to one or more reagent molecules. These molecules are the substrates of the enzyme.

In some reactions, a substrate breaks into several products. In others, two substrates join together to create a larger molecule or to exchange parts. In fact, for any biological reaction that can occur to you, there is probably an enzyme to accelerate it.

The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds is called the active site.

The amino acid residues of the active site often have acidic or basic properties that are important for catalysis. Changes in pH can affect these residues and make binding with the substrate difficult.

i believe it is-

d.) gravity pulled particles of dust and gas together to form planets.

i think that the answer is c